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.f.next_cmapChanges the colormap of the current window to the next colormap in the list.f.next_key[icon|window|transient]Sets keyboard focus to the next window/icon.f.nopNo operation.It's a filler only.f.normalizeRestores a window to original size.f.normalize_and_raiseRestores a window to original size and brings to top of stack.f.pack_iconsRearranges the icons on a desktop.f.pan[dx|dy]Pans the view of the virtual canvas.f.pass_keysEnables/disables (toggles) key bindings.f.post_wmenuPosts the window menu.f.prev_cmapChanges the colormap of the current window to the previous colormap in the list.f.prev_key[icon|window|transient]Sets keyboard focus to the previous window or icon.f.quit_mwmTerminates Motif.f.raise[-client|within|freeFamily]Raises a window to the top of the stack.f.raise_lower[within|freeFamily]Raises a window to the top of the stack if it is partially obscured, or lowers it if not at all obscured.f.refreshRedraws all windows.f.refresh_winRedraws only a specific window.f.resizeEnables the interactive sizing of a window.f.restoreRestores the state of an icon/window to its normal state.f.restore_and_raiseRestores and raises a window to the top of the stack.f.restartRestarts mwm.f.screenJumps cursor to a specific screen, or to the next, previous, or last visited screen.f.send_msg message_numberSends a client message.f.separatorDraws a line.f.set_behaviorRestarts Motif, toggling between default or custom behaviors.f.titleNames the menu.f.track_panMoves the canvas interactively.You can get more information from the OSF/Motif Reference book.In my humble opinion, it's dry but informative; the book will supply you with all the information you could possibly want about these commands.Adding Your Own Menu ItemsLet's see about defining your own menu items.The following could be a sample menu item:Menu MyGames{"Kamran Games" f.titleno-label f.separator"Tetris" f.exec "xtetris &""Mahhjong" f.exec "xmahjongg &""Chess" f.exec "xchess &"}The f.title action specifies a heading for the submenu.The f.separator draws a line under the title.The f.exec fires up the command shown in double quotes.Note the ampersand in f.exec for starting these tasks in the background.Do not start a task that may never return and thus hang up your mwm session.Now, you can add this new menu to the root menu by adding the following line in your DefaultRoot-Menu definitions:"Utils" f.menu MyGamesMore on Button and Key BindingsThe key and button bindings work in the same way as menus.The first obvious difference is the extra column with the words icon, frame, window, and root in it.These words force the bindings on the context.The root applies to any location of thepointer on the root window, the frame or window keywords apply binding only when the pointer is in a window or its frame.The icon bindings apply to icons.In your.Xdefaults file, refer to these key bindings for the class Mwm:Mwm*keyBindings: DefaultKeyBindingsHere are some of the descriptions in the key bindings:Shift<Key>Escape window|icon f.post_wmenuAlt<Key>space window|icon f.post_wmenuAlt<Key>Tab root f.menu DefaultRootMenuThe syntax for a keystroke binding ismodifier<Key>keyin which modifier is Alt, Control, or Shift.The key can be a keystroke, function key, and so on.The first two declarations describe the same action: show the window menu, but with different keystrokes.The third key binding shows a method fordisplaying the root menu.The button bindings are the bindings for your buttons.The three important bindings to remember are as follows:Buttons DefaultButtonBindingsButtons ExplicitButtonBindingsButtons PointerButtonBindingsIn your.Xresource or.Xresources file, refer to one of these button bindings for the class Mwm asMwm*buttonBindings: DefaultButtonBindingsorMwm*buttonBindings: ExplicitButtonBindingsorMwm*buttonBindings: PointerButtonBindingsCustomizing Your Desktop with ClientsThis is done by using some of the client software that comes with your X11R6 distribution.We will cover the following applications:* xsetroot* xset* xdpyinfo* xmodmapThere are several more utilities in the /usr/bin/X11 directory for you to play with: bitmap, xmag, xcalc, and so on.Check each one out to customize your desktop.The ones described here are not so intuitively obvious.xsetrootThis client customizes the root window characteristics.Here are some of the options available:-cursor cursorfile maskfile This option changes the cursor to a displayed mask value.See the sidebar for creating your own cursor using bitmap.-cursor_name name This is the name of the standard cursors in the X11 protocol.-bitmap filename This option creates a tiled surface on the root window with a bitmap.Check the /usr/lib/X11/bitmaps directory for a list of the standard bitmaps.-fg color foreground This option sets the color for the bitmap on the root display.-bg color background This option sets the color for the bitmap on the root display.-gray or -grey This option sets the background to a pleasant (for some) gray background.-rv This option reverses the foreground and background colors
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